Simple Past Tense

 

The Past Simple Tense is used to refer to actions that were completed in a time period before the present time

Using the Simple Past Tense

•        The Simple Past is used for actions that started and finished at a specific time in the past. It’s also possible to use the simple past in a sentence without specifying a time, but it must have previously been made clear that the speaker is referring to a finished period. 

ü  I saw a movie last week.

•        The Simple Past is used to describe several actions that were completed in the past.

ü  I finished work, walked to the beach and met my friends.

•        The Simple Past is used to describe a process that started and finished in the past. In this case, the process of the action is long and is used by specifying time periods such as ‘the whole year’ or ‘all day’.

ü  I lived in Italy for five years.

•        The Simple Past can also be used in sentences that describe past habits. These sentences have the same purpose as the expression ‘used to’. It should be clear in this kind of sentence that the action referred to is a habit. Time expressions like always, often, usually and never can be used to underline this.

ü  I often played football when I was a young man.

Affirmative

Subject + past simple + object

For example:

 I played football yesterday.

He saw his family last week.

I was in France in June.

 Negative

Subject + did not + base form of verb + object

 For example:

 I didn’t play football yesterday.

They didn’t go to the theater last month.

She didn’t arrive on time this morning.

Questions

Did + subject + base form of verb + object?

 For example:

 Did you play football yesterday?

Did they lose the match?

Did he clean his home last weekend?

 

Regular verb examples

•             place – placed

•             dance – danced

•             plan – planned

•             stop – stopped

•             fix – fixed

•             snow – snowed

•             rain – rained

•             need – needed

•             help – helped

•             add – added

•             worry – worried

•             play – played

 

Irregular verb examples

•             be – was/were

•             buy – bought

•             come – came

•             do – did

•             eat – ate

•             find – found

•             go – went

•             have – had

•             leave – left

•             make – made

•             pay – paid

•             see – saw

•             take – took

•             tell – told

•             write – wrote

Past Simple with main verb be

subject      +        was, were

Look at these examples with the main verb be:

	Subject	main verb be
+	I, he/she/it	was	here.
	You, we, they	were	in London.
-	I, he/she/it	Was  not	there.
	You, we, they	Were not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it	right?
	Were	you, we, they	late?

 

EXERCISE

Fill in the blank with the verb in the simple past tense (20 questions)

         1.          I can’t believe she ________ (go) to his place even after he cheated on her.

         2.          Did you know that Marc __________ (pay) over $5000 for that?

         3.          Allen’s clothes are dirty. He _________ (play) football yesterday.

         4.          I’ve _________ (work) on that project before you took over, so if you have any questions just ask.

         5.          As the team leader, I’ve __________ (have) to make some hard decisions over the past weeks.

         6.          The problem is that the cables ___________ (are not) wired properly to begin with.

         7.          Alice __________ (move) out of that apartment two weeks ago.

         8.          I ____________ (think) they had a dog, not a cat.

         9.          She can’t keep a secret. I __________ (tell) her something in confidence some time ago, and she blew it.

     10.          It can’t be _________ (help), we’re going to have to switch out the motherboards.

     11.          My mother is sick, so we ___________(drive) out to her place last weekend.

     12.          I think he __________ (know) about the gas leak before the explosion.

     13.          Can you tell me what you __________ (think) would happen?

     14.          My dad __________ (order) a new set of lawn chairs last month, and they still aren’t here.

     15.          They have the funds and have ___________ (buy) the company outright just last year.

     16.          Max _____________ (doesn’t) care if he lost all his money in the poker match.

     17.          Even though she’s scared, she still ____________ (fly) out to see her boyfriend two days ago.

     18.          Yes, I __________ (try) that type of sushi when I was in Japan.

     19.          They still haven’t ___________ (agree) on how to proceed.

     20.          They ____________ (find) the victim in the park.

The example of Descriptive text

 My Laptop

I got my laptop in the first year of college. It was a gift from my father to me. But, since my father live far away from my campus, so my father sent the money to my cousin and ask him to get it for me. I was very happy because it was my first laptop. I do a lot of things with it such as watch movie, play games, listen to my favorite songs and I also use it to complete my college assignment. It was very reliable, it is like every time I need it, it will always be there for me.

The colour of my laptop is black. Just like any other laptop with an old style, the screen of my laptop is joined to the body by using hinges, so it cannot be separated. The border of the screen is made of black plastic. There is a web cam planted in the screen framework, it is located at the top-middle side of the screen. The screen is 14 inch wide. The screen and its skeleton thickness is about 0.8 centimeters. The thickness of the body is about 2.2 centimeters, so when we combine the thickness of the screen and the body, the overall thickness of my laptop is about 3 centimeters. So you can imagine now that my laptop is thick and heavy.

source: http://www.wordcliff.com/2017/05/contoh-descriptive-text-singkat-tentang.html 

My Mother

My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs.

She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.

She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in the house are in the right place. She doesn’t like messes.

 

She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all her love

source: http://britishcourse.com/20-contoh-descriptive-text-terbaik.php

Announcement

Definition of Announcement

        An announcement is a written or spoken statement in public or formal words containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen so publicly people know what, when, and where it is about.

Function of Announcement

        An announcement is used for giving people some information of what has happened or what will happen.

Generic Structure of Announcement

1.            Stating Purpose: The text that contains what event will be held

2.            Stating Day and Date: Day and Date realization. The text that contains when the event will be held

3.            Stating Place: The text that contains where the event will be held

4.            Informing Sender: The text that contains name of the person who will be contacted

Language Feature of Announcement

·         Using Simple Present Tense and simple future tense.

·         Using exact noun

·         Pronunciation and Intonation (spoken announcement)

·         Spelling and Punctuation

PROCEDURE TEXT

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text :

1.       Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the faximile, the computer, the camera, the photocopier.

2.       Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.

3.       Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

1.       Goal : (e.g : How to make omellet)

2.       Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )

3.       Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

1.       To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.

2.       To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text

1.       Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)

2.       Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )

3.       Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.

4.       Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook

5.       Using Simple Present Tense

Example

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :

·         2 spoons of sugar

·         One spoon of coffee powder

·         Hot water

·         a cup

·         a spoon

PROCEDURE :

1.       Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.

2.       Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.

3.       Pour some hot water into the cup.

4.       Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee

5.       Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

Asking and Offering Something

 

A.    Asking for a Help

Activity 1:

Study these dialogues and practice them, then answer the questions below orally!

a. David          : Could you lend me your camera please?

    Ira                : Okay, here you are.

b. Susan           : Can you post this letter for me please?

    Lia               : Well, I am sorry. I am busy right now.

c. Ria               : It is dark outside and the sky is cloudy.

                          Would you take me home, please?

    Philip           : Sure, don’t worry.

d. Mr. Hasyim : Could you wait for me for a few minutes?

     Eka             : Certainly

1.      What does David borrow from Ira?

2.      What does he say?

3.      Does Lia help Susan post her letter? Why?

4.      Does Philip want to take Ria Home?

5.      What does he say?

A.    Offering Something

Activity 1:

Study the following dialogue then practice it in front of the class!

Albert  : Hello,  Albert’s speaking.

Anne   : Hello Albert. It’s Anne. What would you like for dinner?

Albert  : I don’t know.

Anne   : Would you like fish?

Albert  : I don’t think so.

Anne   : Would you like beef?

Albert  : Sorry, I don’t like it.

Anne   : What would you like?

Albert  : I’d like chicken, and I’d like potatoes and some fruit.

Anne   : Right.

Albert  : OK.

Anne   : Thanks. See you this evening.

Albert  : See you, Anne.

 

Activity 2:

Answer these questions based on the dialogue!

1.      How many persons are there in the dialogue?

2.      Who are they?

3.      Are they talking on the phone?

4.      How does Anne offer the menu for dinner?

5.      What does Albert want for dinner?

 

Activity 3:

Study the pattern of offering something!

Responses:

-           No, thanks. I’ve drunk a lot of water.

-           Yes, please. I’d love some.

-          No, thanks. It’s delicious but I’ve already eaten too     much.

- Yes, please.

-          I’d love to.

- That’s very mice of you, thanks.

 

Activity 4:

How do you offer:………?

1.      some drinks to you friends.

2.      some food to your cousin.

3.      some candies to your little sister.

4.      to see the waterfall in the mountain.

5.      to play on the field.

MEMO

 

Definition of Memo

            A memo is a letter form that is written in a succinct, crisp and clear way that is addressed to a person. Usually the Memo content directly states the intent of the sender, without using parts of the contents of other letters such as, opening greetings, and greetings cover.

 

The Purpose of Memo

       The purpose of Memo is to communicate important things such as a policy change, instruction to conduct a meeting, instruction to do something, direction about something to get done immediately crucial message etc.

 

Generic Structure of Memo

The Memo consists of several parts (structures) of memo, among others, as follows:  

·         Addressee (Receiver)

Recipient of the message, the part to whom we write the memo.

·         Content

The contents of the message, the core part of the message regarding things that should be known and done immediately by the receiver.

·         Sender

The sender of the message, the part that explains who the sender of the memo message is.

 

Characteristics of Memo

Memos have some features, here are the characteristics of memo features:

• Notes delivered should be clear and continuous to the intent Please complete with reference number, date, case, signature and so on.
• In general, the characteristics that exist in writing an official letter can also be applied in writing memos. It is different from the official letter because it is less formal, more concise and has a copy to it
• The memo is also not bound by any form such as an official letter. The memo may be written in form and may also be in the form of a letter.

 

TASK 1

Choose the correct answer based 0n the following memo

MEMO

To : All employees
From : Teddy Mcbrian The Peronnel Manager
Date : June 23, 2010
Sub : Company Travel

Effective July 1, all personell officers travelling on company business must use the most economical means possible. No flight under five hours can be booked in business class. No flight regardless of duration can be booked in first class or on the Concorde

1. Who is affected by this memo?
a. all personnel officers
b. only the personnel manager
c. only the board of directors
d. Teddy Mcbrian
e. only frequent travelers

2. Why was the memo written?
a. to save money
b. to save time
c. to reward the employees
d. to increase company travel
e. technical problems

3. If a fligh over five hours, what clas can be booked?
a. first
b. business
c. concorde
d. executive
e. economy

4. When  will the rule be effective?
a. in five month
b. at the first of year
c. at the end of summer
d. in two months
e. in about a week